Market pulse

Nifty, derived from the combination of two words “National” and “Fifty”, is a major stock index introduced by the National Stock Exchange of India. It comprises 50 stocks that are actively traded on the National Stock Exchange or the NSE. These stocks belong to various sectors. Nifty is calculated by using the “Free-float Market Capitalization” methodology. You can get their current values from the Index Bar of your NEST Trading Platform

Understanding Free-Float Market Capitalization

Free float shares are those shares of a company that are traded in the open market. Not all shares issued by the company are free float. Those that are held by the government or the management or promoters of the company or by foreign direct investors are not actively traded in the market. Only those that are traded in the market are taken into consideration while calculating Nifty. The classes of shareholding that are generally omitted from the characterization as Free-float are the following:

• Shares that are held by founders, directors, acquirers, etc. which contains an element of control over the business entity
• Shares that are held by individuals or groups or organisations having “Controlling Interest”
• Shares that are held by the Government playing the role of promoter or acquirer
• Equity held by the foreign investors through the FDI Route
• Strategic shareholding by private corporate bodies and/ or individuals
• Cross-holding or equity or shares that are held by associates and group companies
• Shares held by Employee Welfare Trusts
• Locked-in shares and shares which would not normally be sold in the open market

Nifty Calculation

The Nifty is a market capitalization weighted index based on this Free Float Method. They involve the total market capitalization of the companies weighted by their effect on the index, so the larger stocks would make more of a difference to the index as compared to a smaller market cap company

Key Points while calculating NIFTY

• 1995 is taken to be the base year
• The base value is set at 1000
• Nifty calculation is done taking into consideration 50 stocks that are actively traded on NSE
• These 50 top stocks belong to 24 sectors.

Market Capitalization                                 = Shares outstanding * Market Price Per Share

Free Float Market Capitalization             = Shares outstanding * Price * IWF (Investible Weight Factor)

Index Value                                                   = Current Market Value / Base Market Capital * Base Index Value (1000)

IWF is a unit of floating stock expressed in terms of the number available for trading.  Base market capital of the Index is the combined market capitalisation of each scrip comprising the Index during the base period and is equated to an Index value of 1000 known as the base Index value.

Example

Say NIFTY comprises only 2 stocks – A and B

Assume A has 1,000 shares. Promoters hold 200 and the rest 800 are available for active trading and hence are free-floating. B has 2,000 shares. Its promoters hold 1000. Rest 1000 are free-floating.

Say price of A is Rs.10 and that of B is Rs.20

A’s total market capitalisation                 = 1,000 x Rs.10 = Rs.10,000

Free-float market cap                                 = 800 x Rs.10 = Rs.8,000.

Similarly, B’s total market cap                 = 2,000 x Rs.20 = Rs.40,000.

B’s free-float market cap                            = 1000 x Rs.20 = Rs.20,000

Total free float market cap of A & B        = Rs.(8,000+20,000)= Rs.28,000.

Assume Market Cap during 1995 was Rs.5,000

Then, NIFTY                                                = 28,000*1000/5,000 = 5,600